งดใช้ระบบ 3-31 กค 66 Burapha Science Journal
Burapha Sciecne Journal is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Sciences, Burapha University. BSJ is indexed in the Thai-Journal Citation Index Centre (TCI1) in Science and Technology and ASEAN Citation Index (ACI). The BSJ is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal that read by at least 3 anonymous reviewers. BSJ accepts Thai or English language manuscripts of original research or review articles which have never been published elsewhere. The Journal publish 3 issues per year as, 1st issue (January-April), 2nd issue (May-August), 3rd issue (September-December).
Effect of Salinity and Harvesting on Population Dynamics and Composition of Natural Copepods Fed with Fermented Bran
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of 3 different salinity levels (28, 30, 32 ppt) and frequency of harvesting at the end (30 days.) and double harvesting on days 12 and 30 (the end) fed with fermented bran as concentration 150 ppm first feeding only. Factorial design in eighteen of 10-liter plastic tanks for 30 days. The results showed that responded copepods by increasing the maximum copepod density was (mean±SE) 3.1±0.3 and 2.8±0.3 ind./mL on day 2 before the reversal at high density (Mean±SE) 2.8±0.4 and 1.0±0.2 ind./ mL in day 10 at salinity 28 ppt in both 2 harvest, respectively. Different (p<0.01) at high salinity 30 and 32 ppt to copepod density was (mean±SE) 1.3±0.1 and 0.9-0.1 ind./mL at 12-14 days before increasing at the same approach. Half-harvested copepods at 12 days did not affect of density copepods in the end. Most types of copepod were order calanoid, cyclopoid and harpacticoid copepod (Percent 59.1±0.1, 27.9, 12.5) and the stage were nauplii, adult, copepodite and adult with eggs (Percent 55.8±4.8, 24.5±3.4, 19.2±2.1, 0.5±0.2), respectively. Concluded there were copepods prefer salinity of 28 ppt and double harvesting increased the production of copepods. Keywords : salinity; harvest ; rice bran ; copepod
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Flood Risk Assessment using Remote Sensing Techniques and Hydraulic Modelling in Khlong Bang Saphan Yai River Basin, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province
The Khlong Bang Saphan Yai River Basin is important in agriculture in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. In 2018, there was a flood that affected several areas throughout the basin due to many days of heavy rainfall, resulting in high water levels in the Khlong Bang Saphan Yai River and overflows. Another factor is the high sea level which water could not drain into the sea and caused surface runoffs and floodplains in many areas. This study aims to determine the application of hydraulic modelling (HEC-RAS) integrated with remote sensing techniques to assess flood risk area in the Khlong Bang Saphan Yai River Basin. This study used Manning’s roughness coefficient (n) of 0.045 for both riverbanks and 0.050 for the channel. The HEC-RAS calibration and validation indicated a good agreement with observed daily discharge data during the periods of 2018 and 2019. Calibration results showed the Coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.914 and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) value of 0.861. Validation results showed the R2 value was 0.822 and the NSE value was 0.634. The result of HEC-RAS simulation found that the maximum flow rate value of 127.17 m3/s and the maximum water level value of 9.08 m. MSL at the downstream gauging. In addition, the study of the validation assessment of the flood inundation from the model simulation was performed in comparison to the flooded extent derived from remote sensing techniques, the result showed overlapping of the flooded area of 0.22 km2 (17.5%). It covered four sub-districts, namely Ron Thong, Thong Mongkhon, Kamnoet Nopphakhun, and Phong Prasat in Bang Saphan Yai District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. Keywords : remote sensing ; hydraulic modelling ; HEC-RAS ; flood Inundation ; flood extent
Monitoring Study of Coastal Morphological Change from Coastal Engineering Structures at Mrigadayavan Palace, Phetchaburi Province Using Geo-Informatics
Coastal morphological change is a dynamic occurrence which affected by seasonal climate factors and anthropogenic activities; however, man-made structure or coastal engineering structures tend to enhance the natural balance disturbance. This study intended to explore the change in coastal morphology influenced by the coastal engineering structures in Mrigadayavan Palace, Phetchaburi Province by comparing coastlines from the years of 1994 (period before structure employment) and 2014 to 2021 (period after structure employment). The study examined the changes during the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon using Landsat-8 satellite imagery and arial photography, suspended sediment analysis and in situ surveys for current, sediment, and beach profile data gatherings. Results showed sediment deposition stage in Southwest monsoon, resulting in longer and more steeper beach front, while sediments were decreased during the Northeast monsoon. Result also revealed that the southernmost breakwater next to a jetty changed the most. Overall, sediment deposition was higher than erosion annually. The average sediment deposition was 15.70 meters while average erosion was 4.90 meters. Area shallower (seawater line to five meters depth) had highest sedimentation rate while area at 10 meters depth had the lowest. The highest suspended sediment volume during the southwest monsoon was 0.3 and the northeast monsoon was 0.27. Tide in the area was mixed tide and moving in north-south axis during high-tide and low-tide, respectively. Tidal range in Southwest monsoon was higher than Northeast monsoon. Results could be concluded that sediment tends to deposit more in this area after the year 2021 but due to long-term disturbance from coastal structure, coastal changing in the area is still inconclusive therefore should be monitored and long-term monitoring of coastal area status to plan a policies or measures for support the impact of various structures including future disasters. Keywords : coastline changes ; sediment deposition ; geo-informatics
Extraction of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Red Seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri) and Growth Promotion of Probiotic Bacteria
The objective of this study was to optimize conditions to increase the yield of sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri) harvested between July (SP1) and October (SP2) 2020, extracted with distilled water. The effects of algae to water ratio (1:25, 1:35, and 1:50 (w/v), extraction time (40, 60, and 90 min), and extraction temperature (90, 100, and 110 °C) were investigated. The optimal conditions for sulfated polysaccharide extraction from red seaweed were algae materials to water 1:50 (w/v) at a temperature of 100 ºC for 60 minutes, with an obtained the yields of 13.80±4.24% (SP1) and 18.52±0.93% (SP2). The utilization of sulfated polysaccharide derived from red seaweed was performed for the growth of Lactobacillus paracasei TISTR 2389 and Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 875. L. acidophilus TISTR 875 significantly utilized the sulfated polysaccharide for growth when compared with glucose and GOS as carbon sources (p<0.05). These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweed could act as a potential prebiotic compound for development of the functional foods. Keywords : sulfated polysaccharide ; prebiotic ; probiotic ; red seaweed
Study the Physicochemical Property of Basil Mucilage Powder and Applying for Development of Weight Control Beverage
The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of basil mucilage for the development of weight control beverage. The extraction yield of the basil seed mucilage powder was about 15% by weight. Basil mucilage powder (100 g) contained 1.65 g protein, 0.82 g fat, 5.22 g ash, 86.5 g carbohydrates, and 5.8% moisture content. In addition, basil mucilage powder contained about 78% by weight of dietary fiber that was composed of about 21% soluble fiber and 57% insoluble fiber. Basil mucilage powder showed very high swelling property (40%), water holding value about 140 g/g, particle size range between 100-120 mesh, and 0.25 of water activity. The result of microbiological analysis showed that total plate count was 6.6 x 103 CFU/g, Escherichia coli was less than 3 MPN/g, and Salmonella was not detected in 25 g of sample. The development of an orange flavor and sugar free beverage powder was further studied by using the extracted basil mucilage powder. A beverage formulation with the highest sensory acceptance score (n = 6, 5-points hedonic scale) contained 6 g basil mucilage powder, 1.5 g sorbitol, 0.045 g sucralose, 0.6 g citric acid, 0.06 g salt, 0.15 g orange flavor, and 0.03 g of orange food coloring per 1 sachet or 1 serving size. A basil mucilage beverage product will be further studied the influence satiation in human studies. Keywords : basil mucilage powder, dietary fiber, sugar substitute, weight control beverage
Synergistic Effect of Andrographis paniculata with Medicinal Plants to Inhibit the Growth of Opportunistic Bacteria
The research was screening therapeutic potentials of plant extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.Ex Nees with eighteen medicinal plants. The results indicated that all medicinal plants had antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus 25923 (MIC = 0.625-80 mg/mL). However, antibacterial activities of all medicinal plants were less than antibacterial activities of oxytetracycline and ampicillin. The synergism results of A. paniculata combined with several medicinal plants were revealed that A. paniculata, mixed with Momordica charantia, Bouea macrophylla or Tagetes erecta, showed the most effective synergy to inhibit the growth of tested bacteria. Moreover, the most antibacterial activities of therapeutic medicinal plants, mixed with A. paniculate were indicated against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 of which showed 100% susceptibility. Finally, A. paniculata mixed with P. betle, and A. paniculata mixed with C. sappan, shown the best synergy effect, were confirmed by Checkerboard assay. The synergistic results indicated that A. paniculata, mixed with P. betle showed the best synergistic effect against S. aureus ATCC 25923 of which FICIs was 0.5. However, there was an exceptionally antagonist of antibacterial activity when using A. paniculata mixed with C. sappan against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (FICI= 4.125). This research suggests that A. paniculate has synergy effect when mixed with P. betle against bacteria. Keywords : medicinal plants ; synergistic effect ; Andrographis paniculata ; opportunistic bacteria
Genetic Variation in Upland Rice Dawk Pa-yawm Variety for Good Root Traits and Photoperiod Insensitivity
The objectives of this study were to create genetic variation between upland rice, Dawk Pa-yawm and lowland rice, SB604 and line selection by pedigree method which focused on fragrant, good root architect of 6 root traits and photoperiod insensitivity. Rice hybrid were planted at the Agricultural Training and Research Center 100 rai, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University. Rice hybridization conducted in 2017, then mid parent heterosis analysis were done in 2018 for F1 and analysis of broad-sense heritability (hB2) of F2 in 2019. The results showed that F1 and F2 had 50 percent days to flowering earlier than their parents, indicating that these types are photoperiod insensitivity. In F1, the highest significant positive heterosis for number of grain/panicle (27.91-42.42%) was over dominance for higher parent gene effect. Positive dominance gene effect for plant height and 1,000 grains weight. Root length was higher than parent (3.68-3.89%). The positive dominance gene effect and most of root traits were additive gene effect. The highest positive heterosis for number of root tip, root length/volume and root surface area. In F2 showed that plant height, number of grain/panicle, percentage filled grain, 1,000 grains weight were normal distribution, transgressive segregation and fragrant. Estimation of broad-sense heritability showed that plant height, number of tillers/plant, number of panicle/plant, number of grain/panicle and 1,000 grains weight were highest (42.52-89.18%), indicating that the variability of these traits was caused by genes and transmitted from parents to their generation. This research illustrated that the selection method using in this study is effective for selecting fragrant, good root traits and photoperiod insensitivity in the early generation of breeding program. Keywords : breeding lines ; good root traits ; photoperiod insensitivity ; genetic variation
Technology for Invasive Species Removal in Ballast Water
Contamination of alien species in ballast water is one of the four major threats to marine ecosystems. There are more than 7,000 species of organisms found in ballast water. Without proper treatment, these organisms were released into new environments and causing a devastating effect on native species and the ecological changes. Therefore, the removal efficiency of technology including temperature, Ultraviolet, ozone and microbubble to treat 2 phytoplankton (Chaetoceros sp. and Chlorella sp.) and 2 zooplanktons (Crab larvae in Zoea stag and Artemia sp.) were investigated. The results showed that microbubble treatment is the most effective technology which can treat up to 100% of all 4 types of plankton within 20 minutes. Ultraviolet treatment is the second most effective technology, which can treat up to 100% of all 4 types of plankton within 240 minutes. Followed by ozone treatment which can treat zooplankton (100% within 360 min) better than phytoplankton (56.87% within 360 min). The least efficient method was temperature treatment, which can treat zooplankton (100% within 300 min) better than phytoplankton (38.08% within 1,440 min). Keywords : ballast water treatment ; microbubble ; ozone ; temperature ; ultraviolet
Effect of Salt Concentrations for Fermentation Process on the Quality of Pla-som from Milkfish (Chanos Chanos)
The fermentation of Pla-som using salt is a process for encouraging the growth of Halotolerant and Halophilic lactic acid bacteria and improvement of the texture and salty flavor of the product. The objective of this research was to study the effect of salt contents in the fermentation process on the quality of Pla-som from Milkfish. The experiment was performed using solid salt and brine at 10, 15, and 18%, respectively, then fermented in a vacuum bag at room temperature (30-35 °C) for 6 days. The results indicated that Pla-som prepared by using the solid salt formula showed the pH values of 4.38-4.57 and the salt contents of 1.5-2.09 g/100g, which were lower than that of Pla-som using the brine formula. However, their water activity contents (aw) (0.98-0.99) were higher than that of Pla-som using the brine formula (0.94-0.96). Very low contents of histamine in products were 8.46-30.99 mg/kg, while total viable count (TVC) was 1.2-2.0 x108 cfu/g and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was 8.0 x107-1.7 x108 cfu/g, which were more than that of Pla-som using the brine formula. When the adding of salts increased, the amount of water activity, TVC, and LAB tened to decreases. The sensory evaluation from 30 panelists using the 9-point hedonic scale showed that the fried Pla-som products using 18% solid salt formula and 10% brine formula was no significant difference in overall acceptability scores (p>0.05). Pla-som prepared using 18% solid salt formula obtained the color, flavor, sour, taste, texture, and overall acceptability scores of 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, 7.3, 6.3 and 7.3, respectively. which was higher than the commercial product in all attibutes. Moreover, the pH of the product showed lower than 4.6, which was safe for consumption because high acidic conditions inhibited the growth of the most pathogenic bacteria. This suggests that the fermentation using 18% solid salt formula was suitable method for Pla-som production. Keywords : histamine ; salt contant ; Milkfish ; Chanos Chanos ; Pla-som
Application of Sentinel-2 Imageries for Study Seagrass Beds: A Case Study of Ao Kham, Haad Chao Mai National Park, Trang province
Seagrass is an important producer in ecosystem. It is a habitat for aquatic animals that generate food and income for coastal communities. In conservation, restoration, and management of seagrass resources Accurate and up-to-date information is required. Sentinel-2 satellite imageries and field surveys (265 sample points) were used to map seagrass beds around Ao Kham in Haad Chao Mai National Park, Trang Province. Satellite data of wavelengths 2 (blue), 3 (green), 4 (red), and 8 (near-infrared), captured on 25 February 2021, were selected and the water column was corrected. The prepared data were then analyzed using supervised classification. The research found that the maximum likelihood classification technique was able to classify seagrass sites very well with the highest overall accuracy of 71.97% Kappa coefficient 0.53. The analyzed seagrass area was 456.25 Rai. The total is quite high. But in the muddy and sandy areas, seagrass remains. Because the seagrass species found at Ao Kham have small round leaves scattered in patches. Based on the results of this research, Sentinel-2 satellite imageries can be used to map seagrass beds even in small areas. Obtaining accurate and up-to-date seagrass data is critical to the conservation, restoration, and sustainable management of marine and coastal resources. Keywords : seagrass ; remote sensing ; satellite images ; Haad Chao Mai National Park ; Sentinel
Effect of Dietary Copra Meal on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Red Tilapia
The feeding trial was conducted to determine growth performance, survival rate and feed cost of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus – mossambicus). Four iso-nitrogenous (35% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (12% crude lipid) experimental diets containing 0, 3, 6, and 9 % of copra meal (CM0, CM3, CM6, CM9) were used. One hundred and twenty fish, with an initial weight of 14.28 ± 0.13 g were reared in twelve 500 - litre fiberglass tanks (10 fish /tank). Fish were fed twice a day (8 AM and 5 PM) for eight weeks. Growth performance, in terms of mean body weight, percentage weight gain (%WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were found the best (p<0.05) in fish fed on diet containing 9 % of copra meal. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed on control diet (CM0) was the highest (p<0.05).Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found the lowest in fish fed on control diet, But was not significant different (p>0.05) to fish fed on diet containing 9 % of copra meal. . Feed cost showed the lowest in fish fed on diet containing 9 % of copra meal. The incorporation of copra meal can be reduced feed cost 2.44 Bath per kilogram equivalent to 10.23 %. The results indicated that copra meal can be incorporated into diet for red tilapia up to 9 % without any deleterious effect on growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate. Moreover, feed cost can be minimized. Keywords : red tilapia ; copra meal ; growth performance ; feed cost
Extraction of By-Products from Nile Tilapia and Siamese Crocodile Scales
Nile tilapia scales are waste from chill / frozen fish fillets processing industries. Crocodile scales are waste from crocodile leather making process. However, valuable substances in the scales of both tilapia and crocodile could be extracted that can be used as raw materials for by-products in food industries. The objective of this study was to extract by-products from Nile tilapia and Siamese crocodile scales for food supplements. The composition of functional groups contained in dried Nile tilapia and Siamese crocodile scales was determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Tilapia and crocodile scales were treated with sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and citric acid before gelatin extraction at 50 ºC for 3 h then collagen type were evaluated by SDS-PAGE. The residue scales were treated with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid for chitin-chitosan extraction then degree of deacetylation and FTIR Spectroscopy were analyzed. Sodium carbonate was added in sulfuric acid treatment solution for calcium precipitation then minerals contents and FTIR Spectroscopy were analyzed. FTIR result was showed that the scales contained collagen, calcium and chitin. The FTIR result related to extraction of gelatin, chitin-chitosan and calcium powder. Gelatin was collagen type I, chitin-chitosan was degree of deacetylation more than 40% and calcium powder contained calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron. Crocodile calcium powder contain high calcium (35.96 %). These extraction of valuable substances for food supplements were value and reduce waste and environment pollution. Keywords : Calcium, Chitosan, Collagen, Gelatin, Fish processing waste
The Use of Phytoplankton as Water Quality Indicator Together with Basic Water Quality for Reservoirs of Eastern Thailand
Reservoirs are one of the most important freshwater sources for consumption, agriculture and industrial plants. But because of the closed water system, so the water in reservoir could not be circulated in/outside. This could lead to the water deterioration if the pollutants were contaminated. This research aimed to use the phytoplankton as an indicator of essential water quality at 3 reservoirs, Bangphra, Dokkrai and Nongplalai reservoir located in the eastern region of Thailand. The study period was 5 months (August – December 2020) and the monthly sample collection was carried out from the total of 9 stations. The phytoplankton samples were collected and then analyzed the dominant genus using the microscope. Some parameters of water samples were also investigated including DO, BOD, chlorophyll, nitrate, ammonia and phosphate. The water quality levels were analyzed by AARL-PP Scored method using the 3 dominants genus of phytoplankton and the AARL-PC Score method was also used. All results indicated 3 divisions, 21 genus of phytoplankton, including division Cyanophyta 9 genus, Chlorophyta 6 genus and division Chromophyta 6 genus. The results also indicated the water quality levels by AARL-PP Score method in BangPhra, DokKrai and NongPlaLai reservoir in the range of "moderate to pollute" to " pollute" (Meso-Eutrophic to Eutrophic condition). By AARL - PC Score method, the results of water quality levels were found to be in the range of “clean – moderate” to “moderate” (Oligo-Mesotrophic to Mesotrophic condition) which were one level difference. From the results in overall, the phytoplankton could be used as a basic indicator of water quality for reservoirs. However, the increasing number of water sample collections and inlet stations should be considered for the accuracy improvement. The results could also be used as the primary database in water quality management for the reservoir. Keywords : phytoplankton, water quality, BangPhra reservoir, DokKrai reservoir, Nong Plalai reservoir
Applying Spatial Statistics Analysis to Crime Data in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand
The purpose of this study is to describe the criminal pattern and density in three southern provinces of Thailand (Yala, Pattani, and Narathiwat) using GIS and spatial analysis. Data on disorderly incidents received by reputable security authorities between 2017 and 2020, including shootings and bombings, arson, violence, and drugs were collected. This study's approach employed spatial statistics, particularly kernel density, to analyze crime patterns-hotspots, criminal periods, and criminal density. Second, the correlation coefficient and regression analysis were performed to determine the association between various factors and crime incidents. 1. The crime scenes were located in similar cluster patterns and repeated criminal areas or in areas close to previously criminal areas, according to the study. 2. According to the analysis of high-risk areas (hot spots), shooting and bombing cases was identified at the Yala Province, Arson and Violence was identified at Pattani and Drug was identified at Narathiwat. 3. In the multiple regression analysis for hypothesis testing, 5 independent variables could predict the number of crimes in Three southern border provinces at the statistical significance level of 0.05. These 5 independent variables were district area size, number of population, population density, number of drop-out students, and number of industrial establishment. When loading all these independent variables into a predictive equation, the multiple correlation coefficient (R) was 0.392 with predictive power (adjusted R square) at 0.362 (36.2%). This means that these 5 factors could predict the number of crimes in Three southern border provinces at 36.2%. The factors with effects of relationship of crime incidents were the number of population and the number of industrial establishments. The results of this study can be utilized for guidelines in criminal prevention and reduction, they are useful for police officers in planning for criminal prevention in Three southern border provinces in Thailand. Keywords : crime mapping ; criminal pattern; GIS; spatial analysis; Thailand's Three southern border provinces
Creation of Wildfire Opportunity Predictive Model from Climate Variability with Geo-informatics in Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province
This study aimed is 1) to study the difference of hotspot patterns from climate variability and 2) to study the relationship of physical factors involved in wildfire, leading to wildfire opportunity predictive model from climate variability in Omkoi District Study Area, Chiang Mai Province. The period of times of this study are El Niño year (2015 and 2019) normal year (2013 and 2017), and La Niña year (2011 and 2021). This study uses Landsat 8 and ALOS PALSAR satellite images to analyze physical factors affecting the wildfires. Landsat 8 were used to analyze physical factors which are drought, land surface temperature, forest type and above-ground carbon sequestration. And, ALOS PALSAR was used to analyze digital elevation model and slope. In addition, the hotspot from Terra and Aqua data, MODIS sensor, were used to analyze hotspot patterns conducted by kernel, quadrate, and nearest neighbor analysis to determine the density, dispersion and cluster of hotspots. Wildfire opportunity predictive model is create using linear regression analysis. In result of study found that El Niña year has the highest hotspot density, followed by normal and La Niña years, respectively. Moreover, physical factors influencing wildfires are drought factors and land surface temperature. And wildfire opportunity predictive model found that model in El Niño year has the highest precision followed by La Niña year, and normal year with the accuracy of 70.2, 54.6 and 50.7 percent, respectively. Keywords : wildfire predictive model ; physical factors ; climate variability ; hotspot patterns
Effect of Cyanobacteria Limnothrix Strain LmTK01 on the Survival Rate of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Factors Effected on LmTK01 Growth
Cyanobacteria Limnothrix strain LmTK01 is a recently discovered cyanobacteria in Pacific white shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei), which causes shrimp production decrease. The morphology of LmTK01 is similar to cyanobacteria genus Limnothrix. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of LmTK01 on the survival rate of shrimp (L. vannamei) and the factors of temperature, pH and salinity effected by LmTK01 growth. Algae LmTK01 were isolated from shrimp water culture during its blooming in the shrimp ponds. Algae were stocked in sterilization liquid BG-11 medium under light intensity 2,000 - 3,000 lux in a light: dark cycle, 12h: 12h. Different density of LmTK01 (336.17, 703.70 and 1,390.63 µg Chl-a/L) were inoculated with 0.18 ± 0.05 g of shrimp in the individual 500 mL of seawater for 96 hours. Water quality and survival rate of shrimp were measured every 6 hours. Results showed that shrimp died in over 50% of all treatments were inoculated with LmTK01. Algae LmTK01 showed the stress effect on shrimp directly and indirectly. The direct cause was algae clogging at the shrimp’s gill and gastrointestinal tract, which interferes with the shrimp's breathing and digestion, while the indirect cause was changing in water quality, such as an increase in the pH value. These results caused the shrimp become to stressed, weak and eventually die. Moreover, it was found that LmTK01 could grow well in a temperature of 28.00 °C, pH 7- 8 and salinity 0 - 30 ppt. Therefore, these results indicated that LmTK01 showed a significantly bad effect on the survival rate of shrimp, resulting in loss of shrimp production. Keywords : Cyanobacteria; Pacific white shrimp; Water quality
Model Development for Analyzing the Distribution Patterns of Nitrogen Dioxide Using Sentinel-5P Satellite Data in Thailand
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of air pollution that Thailand has been affected for many years. The aims of this study are separated into two objectives. First, to explain the situation of nitrogen dioxide concentration in spatial temporal and analyze the relationship of factors affecting that led to generation of nitrogen dioxide using by spatial statistic. Secondly, finding a suitable model to be estimated the concentration of nitrogen dioxide from Sentinel-5P data and ground station data using linear regression model during January 2019 to December 2020 in Thailand. As a result, the average of nitrogen dioxide concentration in 2019 has higher than the nitrogen dioxide concentration in 2020 the value was 10.95 ppb and 10.67 ppb respectively. The maximum total annual average of nitrogen dioxide concentration occur during Dry season (between November and April) in January 2019 (18.37 ppb) the minimum average occur during Wet season (between May and October) in June 2020 (8.05 ppb). In addition, the regions with the highest average of nitrogen dioxide concentration was central region during the 4th week of January 2019 (40.69 ppb) and the lowest average concentration of nitrogen dioxide was found in northern region during the first week of September 2019 (2.84 ppb). The suitable model for estimating the concentration of nitrogen dioxide was Cubic model with coefficient of determination (R2) at 0.72 and it model Accuracy overall was 70.29 % Keywords : Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration ; Regression model ; Sentinel-5P
Seasonal Variation in Phytoplankton Community Structure at Sichang Island and Chonburi Coastal Area
The community structure and seasonal variation of phytoplankton at Sichang island and Chonburi coastal area were studied. The water samples were collected in March 2020 (Summer season) and August 2020 (Rainy season) from 16 stations. The results found the phytoplankton in 50 genus, 4 classes and 2 divisions (Cyanophyta and Chromophyta). The Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) class Cyanophyceae found 2 genus and the dominant specie was Oscillatoria. The Chromophyta class Bacillariophyceae (diatom) found 35 genus and the dominant species were Thalassiosira, Thalassionema and Chaetoceros and class Dinophyceae (dinoflagellate) found 12 genus and the dominant species were Ceratium and Dinophysis and class Dictyochophyceae (silicoflagellate) found 1 genus. The results showed the abundance of phytoplankton in August was equal to 86,321 cells per liter while in March as 5,599 cells per liter. The analysis result of the similarity index was divided to 2 groups (August and March). The cause of difference may be from the salinity factor which leaded to the phytoplankton community structure changes.
The Synthesis of Activated Carbon Electrodes from Lotus Seedpods for Supercapacitor Application
This research, prepared activated carbon from lotus seedpods (AC-LS) by carbonization and activation processes at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The structure, morphology, surface area, and electrochemical properties of the samples are investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD). The activated carbon exhibits a relatively high specific surface area of 631.90 m2/g and an average pores diameter of 3.3 nm. Such the sample shows outstanding capacitive performance (113 F/g at 1 A/g), good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability (96% of capacitance retention after 1,000 cycles at 5 A/g) in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Therefore, the synthesis of activated carbon from the lotus seedpods is that the biomass exists in nature, has a low cost, and high specific surface area. It has suitable to be applied as the electrode material for the supercapacitor. Keywords: Activated carbon, Lotus seedpods, Carbonization, Electrode, Supercapacitors
Characterization of Thermostable α-Amylase from Germinating Cowitch (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.) Seeds
Purification of α-amylase from germinating cowitch (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.) seeds (MpAmy) was carried out using two steps of 35-65% (w/v) Ammonium sulphate fractionation and β-cyclodextrin Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography. The enzyme was purified 216.4-fold with a final specific activity of 91.0 U/mg. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis exhibited a molecular weight of MpAmy at 58 kDa which corresponded with amylase activity by Zymographic method. Characterization of MpAmy showed high activity at the pH of 5.0-6.0 and the high temperature of 50.0-90.0 ºC. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme were at pH 5.0 and 60.0 ºC, respectively. Furthermore, MpAmy was found stable at a wide range of pH 5.0 to 7.0 pH and the temperature between 30 ºC to 90 ºC. The Michalis constant (Km) and Maximum velocity (Vmax) for hydrolysis of starch were 2.1 mg/mL and 0.2 µmoles/min/mL, respectively. The MpAmy showed the highest specific activity toward starch followed by amylopectin and glycogen as their natural substrates. The enzyme catalyzed Ethylidene-pNP-G7at 280.8 nmol/min/mL, indicating it was an alpha amylase. The results from enzyme characterization indicated that MpAmy is the Thermostable α-amylase. Therefore, MpAmy has the potential for applying in different industries, especially the starch industry. Keywords : α-amylase ; thermostable ; characterization ; purification ; Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.
Product Development of Purple Sweet Potato Mixed with Shallots Jam
Shallots and purple sweet potatoes often encounter the falling prices situation, thus their processing as the new product helps to increase the value-added. The purpose of this research was to study the ratios of pounded shallot to mashed purple potato for jam production, the quantity of pectin, and the chemical and physical characteristics of the developed jam. Firstly, the optimum formulation for preparation of jam from purple sweet potato and shallot was sensorial evaluated using a 9-pointed hedonic scale. The result was found that the highest sensory acceptance score by the panelists (n = 30) was observed in jam containing purple sweet potato and shallot in the ratio of 25:75 (w/w). Furthermore, adding of 2% pectin in the selected formulation received significantly higher sensory scores for texture and overall acceptability than other samples (p <0.05). The optimum formulation of purple sweet potato and shallot jam consisted of crushed shallots, mashed purple potatoes, water, sugar, lime juice, salt and pectin in amounts of 8.29%, 24.87%, 33.16%, 31.17%, 0.50%, 0.01% and 2.00%, respectively. Keywords : jam, shallot, purple sweet potato, pectin
Goodness of Fit Tests for the Poisson Distribution with Unknown Parameter Using the New Critical Value Tables
This study aims to establish the critical values tables for Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-von Mises and Anderson-Darling tests for the Poisson distribution with unknown parameter. Additionally, examined how well these tests performed when using the new critical value tables based on type I error rate and power of the test. The results showed that the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test could not control type I error as well as the Cramer-von Mises and Anderson-Darling tests. In almost every situation, the Cramer-von Mises test provided the most powerful test. Furthermore, as the sample size increase, the power of each test increases. Keywords : Poisson distribution ; Goodness of fit test ; Critical values ; Power of the test ; Type I error
Measurement of Atmospheric Extinction Coefficient at Thai National Observatory (TNO)
The apparent intensity and color of starlight can be dwindled by the scattering and absorption of the earth's atmosphere. This is called atmospheric extinction, which depends on atmospheric conditions of the observing site and altitude of the targets. This research aims to study the extinction of starlight at the Thai National Observatory (TNO), with an elevation of 2,457 meters, latitude 18.57 ̊N and longitude 98.48 ̊E during a clear sky condition in November 2018. The atmospheric extinction coefficient was investigated using a reflecting telescope with a diameter of 2.4 meters, whose images were captured by a CCD camera through light filters and photometric analysis was carried out using the IRIS software package. The results showed that the atmospheric extinction coefficients were 0.57 ± 0.023 0.33 ± 0.025 0.20 ± 0.013 0.12 ± 0.013 and 0.11 ± 0.065 (magnitudes/airmass) through the wavelength filters of U, B, V, R and I, respectively. There are comparable to the atmospheric extinctions previously reported from observatories in other countries. The atmospheric extinction coefficients were also decomposed into ozone absorption, Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering components. Ozone absorption affects primarily to the visible wavelength Rayleigh scattering dominates the ultraviolet bands but the extinction decreases rapidly as the wavelength increases. The relation of extinction due to Mie scattering from atmospheric aerosols as a function of wavelength was determined empirically and is given by . This method can be useful in determining aerosol optical properties on a routine basis especially during the nighttime when standard measurement techniques are not viable. The atmospheric extinction coefficient can be used as preliminary compensation data for the TNO. KEYWORDS : the Atmospheric Extinction Coefficients ; apparent magnitude ; airmass ; aerosols ; Rayleigh scattering
The Antioxidant Properties of Skunk Vine (Paederia foetida L.) Crude Extracts and Its Application in Butter Cookie
The objectives of this paper were to investigate the antioxidant activities of the crude distilled water extracts of fresh and dried Paederia foetida L.(skunk vine) leaves, to develop butter cookie recipes with added skunk vine, and to determine minerals content, antioxidant activities of butter cookies with crude extract of skunk vine and their shelf life. The antioxidant activities of the aqueous crude extracts was determined through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the ABTS free radical scavenging assay (ABTS). It was found that the aqueous crude extract from the dried plant had higher antioxidant activity than that from the fresh counterpart. The total phenolic content analysis revealed that both had a comparable amount. According to the sensory evaluation in terms of appearance, color, smell, taste, texture and overall acceptance performed by Laboratory panels and untrained consumer, the butter cookies with 2% aqueous crude extract of skunk vine gained a high acceptability, however, at the 0.05 level, there was no statistically significant difference between the expert and consumer groups for recipes containing 1,2,3% crude extract. 100 g of butter cookies with skunk vine crude extract supplement was found to contain higher calcium and potassium by 8.37 and 2.10 mg, respectively. In addition, butter cookies supplemented with skunk vine crude extract was found to have antioxidant activity. The butter cookie with 2% aqueous crude extract of skunk vine's shelf life can be stored for up to 10 days at room temperature and for more than 11 days in a refrigerator. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that skunk vine crude extract may be used as a supplement for baked goods. Keywords : crude extract ; cookie ; Paederia foetida ; antioxidant
Application of Soil Amendments from Sulfur-Biochar for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Increase 2-Acetyl 1-Pyrroline (2AP) of Khao Dawk Mali 105
Greenhouse gas mitigation from rice cultivation with increased yield and aroma compound in rice is an important issue for sustainable agricultural development. The influence of biochar containing sulfur was evaluated on greenhouse gas emissions, yield, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) aroma compound of the Khao Dawk Mali 105 cultivated in rice field located on Srikai Sub-district, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani. The experimental design consists of 4 treatments 1) Control (C) no soil amendment/fertilizer, 2) S-biochar1 (S1) added soil amendment of biochar containing sulfur and ammonium sulfate fertilizer, 3) S-biochar2 (S2) added soil amendment of biochar containing sulfur 4) Fertilizer (F) added ammonium sulfate fertilizer as basal and urea as top-dress. Treatments S1, S2, and F were applied with soil amendment or chemical fertilizer in tillering stage (Day 59) and reproductive stage (Day 138). Greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 and N2O) were investigated throughout the cultivation season. The results showed that rice grain yield was significantly increased (P<0.05) by soil amendment of biochar containing sulfur and ammonium sulfate (S1), 665.71 kg/rai, resulting in the total greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) was smallest, 4.90 kgCO2/kg yield. 2AP in grain were 3.46, 3.35, 3.28, and 3.05 ppm in treatments C, S2, F, and S1, respectively. The issue of increasing aroma compounds in rice will be studied with water management of alternate wetting and drying. Keywords : greenhouse gas intensity ; 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) ; biochar ; sulfur
Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil with Used Lubricating Oil by Surfactant: Triton X-100, and Cow Manure Amendments
This study aims to evaluates the effects of surfactant: Triton X-100, and cow manure compost on the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from contaminated soil with used lubricating oil (ULO). Soils spiked with about 700 gkg-1 (7% w/w) of ULO were individually amended with 0.3% w/v, 0.5% w/v and 0.7% w/v of Triton X-100. One kilograms of soil amended with 0.5% w/v of Triton X-100 was mixed with caw manure compost in the ratio of 1:0.3 w/w, 1:0.5w/w and 1:0.7w/w soil mixture: caw manure compost. The results showed that the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons reduction efficiency of 64.65±1.25% was achieved in the 0.5% w/v oil-contaminated remediated with of Triton X-100, the highest TPH-removal of 72.50 ±1.48% could also be achieved in the ratio of 1:0.5 w/w oil contamination condition with of cow manure amendments for a 28-day experiment period. The results indicated that cow manure could significantly enhance TPH-removal (from 64% to 72%). The findings highlight the prospect of cow manure as a proper nutrient for enhanced remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Keywords : surfactant ; contaminated soil ; used lubricating oil ; cow manure
Effect of Thawing Methods on Quality of Frozen Ripe Kaew Kamin Mango
The objectives of this research were to investigate the freezing of ripe kaew kamin mango pulp and the effect of thawing using water thawing, air thawing, and infrared thawing on the quality of the frozen ripe kaew kamin mango. The ripe mango flesh were slowly frozen at -38 °C in a chest deep freezer for 156±2.64 minutes, and the freezing rate was 0.27±0.05°C/min. Then, the samples were defrosted using three different techniques: water thawing, air thawing, and 250 watts of infrared thawing. The results showed that the thawing times were 15, 25, and 8 minutes, respectively. Weight losses of mango pulp after the thawing were 3.09±0.14, 4.05±0.43, and 2.34±0.36 % wt, respectively. In terms of color quality, the samples had L* values (lightness) of 44.27±1.21, 44.22±0.00, and 44.56±0.00, the a* values (redness) of 2.63±0.01, 2.58±0.00, and 2.62±0.01, and the b* values (yellowness) were 33.83±0.02, 31.81±0.01, and 33.82±0.00, respectively. In addition, the pH values were 4.96, 4.93, and 5.08, respectively. The total soluble solids were 11.53±0.06, 11.23±0.05 and 11.86±0.05 °Brix, respectively. The firmness values after thawing were 1.40±0.57, 1.70±0.63, and 2.27±0.27 N, respectively. When compared to the fresh sample, infrared thawing had minimum effect on changes in the quality of frozen ripe mango, in which the firmness of ripe mangos after thawing was less than about 64.02%. Additionally, sensory evaluation showed that the ripe mango pulp after infrared thawing obtained the highest overall acceptability score (7.40±0.51 points), which was significant difference among the assessed samples. Keywords : ripe mango pulp ; thawing ; drip loss; infrared
Selective Detection of Glyphosate Using Mono Nuclear Copper (II) complex with Xylenol Orange Indicator under Indicator Displacement Assay
In this research, the mononuclear copper(II) complex with imidazole derivative ligand CuL was synthesized and characterized by standard analytical techniques. The sensing abilities towards organophosphorous pesticide was investigated using the indicator displacement assay (IDAs) approach. The results indicated that the sensing ensemble [CuL:XO] could discriminate the glyphosate from other organophosphorous pesticide and common anions. The UV-visible spectrophotometry study confirmed that glyphosate bound to CuL in a 1:1 manner. The detection limit of glyphosate was 0.11 ppm. Keywords : mononuclear copper(II) complex ; glyphosate ; xylenol orange indicator ; indicator displacement assay
Product Development of Blended Barley Milk and Black Sesame Beverage
Cereal milk is a suitable an alternative beverage for people who are cow's milk allergy or lactose intolerant. Cereal milk does not contain cholesterol and lactose. Furthermore, barley is one of the beneficial cereal for reducing cholesterol and has low energies. The purpose of this research was to study the optimum ratios of barley and black sesame for blended barley milk and black sesame beverage processing. This research consisted of four treatments. Barley and black sesame in the ratio of 400:0 (as a control sample 0% of black sesame substitute) and blended barley and black sesame in the ratios of 390:10 (2.5% of black sesame substitute), 380:20 (5.0% of black sesame substitute) and 370:30 (7.5%of black sesame substitute) by weights were also performed. The physical qualities, such as appearance, color and viscosity, chemical qualities, including the pH, percentage of the total acidity, total soluble solid and the percentage of DPPH inhibition and microbiological qualities were also analyzed. In addition, sensory evaluation of each product’s color, odor, texture, taste and overall acceptability was performed by 30 untrained panelists using the 9-point hedonic scale. , It was found that the appearance of samples had light brown to dark brown color depend on ratios of barley and black sesame. The values of L* (brightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) were varied within the range of 12.47-45.13, -8.97-19.24 and -14.46-6.55, respectively in which L*, a* and b* of all samples were significant difference. For substitution of barley with black sesame, the amounts of black sesame increased resulting in the significant increases in the viscosity and percentage of the DPPH inhibition. The chemical properties showed that the pH, total acidity and total soluble solid were within the range of 6.02-6.10, 0.014-0.037% and 9.05-9.15°Brix, respectively, in which they did not significantly different. Furthermore, the microbiological results revealed that the total plate count accorded to the Thai Industrial Standards Institute of brown rice drink (CPS.282/2015). The sensory evaluation indicated that the samples substituted barley with 5% of black sesame gave the highest scores of the texture, taste and overall acceptability of 6.77, 6.90 and 7.23, respectively. The results of this research could be used to develop a functional drink for health cares. Moreover, this could be another alternative to develop a new type of beverage that would cause a variety of consumption. Keywords barley milk ; black sesame ; healthy beverage ; product development
Diversity of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in Songkhla Lake
Diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in Songkhla Lagoon were studied at four stations, namely Koh Yai, Ban Chongfuun, Ban Mai and Khuan Niang. Samples were collected twice in December 2020 and February 2021. Water quality during the study period in all four areas is in normal condition. The results showed that phytoplankton were found in 3 divisions, 6 classes, 17 orders, 29 families, 40 genera, with phytoplankton in Division Chlorophyta being the dominant group, followed by Division Chromophyta. While zooplankton is found in 7 Phylum, 6 Classes, 8 Orders, 18 Family, 22 Genera. The dominant group is zooplankton in Phylum Arthropoda, followed by Phylum Rotifera. Spatial variation was found. The predominant group of phytoplankton in the Koh Yai and Ban Chong Phuen is Division Chlorophyta. In Ban Mai and Ban Khok Mueang, the predominant group of phytoplankton is found in two divisions, Division Chlorophyta and Division Chromophyta. The predominant group in Koh Yai, Ban Chong Fuen and Ban Mai were Phylum Arthropoda. The most common zooplankton in Ban Khok Mueang Station were Phylum Rotifera, followed by Phylum Protozoa. Temporal variation was observed as well. In December 2020, zooplankton was found in Phylum Rotifera as the predominant group. On the other hand, Phylum Arthropoda was the dominant phylum in February. Keywords: diversity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, Songkhla Lake
Diadema Fish, Pseudochromis diadema Culture in Closed Water Circulation System
This research study was to study methods of cultivating ornamental marine fish species, Diadema, Pseudochromis diadema which are not cultivated. Therefore, they are raised in a closed water circulation system at the Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University. The information obtained is collected during routine work (2022) to find a way to breed them to survive and can be used as a baseline for further research studies in the future. The results of the study revealed that the parent fish had a total length of between 2-2.3 inches and lived in pairs in the hiding place laying a bunch of eggs in a tube The number of eggs is between 450-3,500 (n=3). The incubation period is 3 days after the laying date. Ovulation frequency every 5-14 days (n=10) (water temperature 25-29 °C, water salinity 30-34 ppt, pH 7.8-8.0, alkalinity 95-110 mg/L). The hatchlings range from 2-3 mm (n=10) to feed and feed from hatching to 8 days, fed nursery with rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis, 45-50 µm, density 10 ind./ml, age 7-18 days. The rotifers of 45-120 µm were mixed with primordial newly hatching Artemia sp. at a density of 15 ind./ml and 1 ind./ml respectively, Aged 18days - Metamorphosis, newly hatching Artemia sp., density 2 ind./ml During nursery, cultures were mixed with phytoplankton (Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysis galbana) at 50,000 cells/ml density throughout the experiment. At the age of 33 days, the larvae have a changes in morphology and behavior (Metamorphosis). Keywords : Pseudochromis diadema; Culture ; Ornamental fish
Monitoring Trends in Light Pollution in Nakhon Ratchasima Province Based on Nighttime Satellite Imagery
This article aimed to analyze and monitor expansion of light pollution from nighttime light (NLT) images during 2013 – 2021 in Nakhon Ratchasima province using nighttime satellite imagery from Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP), Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) based on supervised classification and compared to unsupervised classification. Classification and monitoring results of both methods are consistent. Light pollution could be classified into 5 levels, namely, the highest intensity of light pollution ranged from 18.17 - 86.01, the high intensity ranged from 8.38 - 18.16, the medium intensity ranged from 3.14 - 8.37, the low intensity ranged from 0.91 – 3.40, and the lowest intensity ranged from 0.01 – 0.90. It was found that urban areas were more likely to have light pollution at the highest, high, medium, low and the lowest intensity. Light pollution has intensified every year in the areas of 39.93, 116.63, 353.05, 1,741.79, and 81.55 square kilometers, respectively. The light pollution expansion followed transportation routes, especially Mittraphap Road, the main road considered as the gateway to the northeast region that passes through Nakhon Ratchasima, and was concentrated in the inner city of the province. The analysis of the relationship between nighttime light pollution and population density was conducted using simple linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05. According to the study, the coefficient of determination (R2) light pollution and population density was 0.4956, showing a moderate level of relationship Keywords: Light Pollution; Nighttime Light Satellite Imagery; Urban Land Use; Population Density
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Water Qualities and Sediment Qualities in the Offshore Shellfish Culture Areas in Sriracha District, Chonburi Province
Water and sediment qualities in shellfish culture areas off the coast of Sriracha were investigated in October 2021 (inter-monsoon), January 2022 (northeast monsoon), May 2022 (inter-monsoon), and August 2022 (southwest monsoon). This study aims to monitor the overall environment around offshore shellfish culture areas in Sriracha and comprehend this effect. It was found that the general water qualities were within the standard for coastal aquaculture, except dissolved oxygen was below the threshold in October 2022 and May 2022. The average values of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and silicate were 39.54±30.71 µg-N/L, 11.54±10.74 µg-N/L, 12.86±11.46 µg-N/L, 21.41±11.78 µg-P/L, and 595.92±307.29 µg-Si/L, respectively. In October 2021, the concentrations of nitrite, orthophosphate, and silicate were highest in all observation periods. In May 2022, the highest levels of ammonia and nitrate were found. Silicate was high in all study periods caused by freshwater runoff and resuspension of the sediment along the coast. The nutrients in seawater increased by shellfish culture itself and from external sources by water inlet from Sukreep Canal and the south of the culture area. The organic matter was accumulated in the north of Koh Loy. Most of the sediment particles in the shellfish culture area were coarse sand that were larger than those in the areas without shellfish culture. Water content and total organic matter in the sediments were not significantly different from the surrounding area. This is due to the rapid rate of decomposition of organic matter and the good water exchange. Keywords : water quality ; seawater nutrients ; sediment quality ; shellfish culture ; Sriracha
Effect of Probiotics on Growth, Survival Rate and Resistance to Aeromonas sp. in rearing of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
This study was examined different probiotics on growth, survival rate and resistance to Aeromonas sp. in rearing of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Prawns (size 5 g) were stock in 1.5x1.5x1 meters tanks at density 22 prawns/tank (11 prawns/tank). The experiment was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and divided in to 3 treatments. Each treatment had 4 replications. The first treatment was commercial pelleted feed (control), the 2nd and 3rd treatments were commercial pelleted feed with Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus aneurinilyticus (at concentration108 CFU/g) respectively. After cultured for 60 days. The study founded that prawn fed with probiotic in treatment 2 and 3 had an average weight, average length, average length gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate which were significantly different (p<0.05) from control group. In the study of resistance to Aeromonas sp. of Giant freshwater prawn, it was found that prawn in control group had highest mortality rate 63.33±0.58 percent, which was significantly different (p<0.05) with treatment 2 and 3 that had mortality rates 40.00±1.00 and 36.67±1.15 percent, respectively. For water quality during feed for 60 days in all treatments were not significantly different (P > 0.05). From this study demonstrated that prawn fed with diet contain probiotics in the 2 and 3 treatments were able to enhance growth, survival rates and resistance to Aeromonas sp. than the control group. Keywords : gant freshwater prawn; probiotics; Bacillus coagulans; Bacillus aneurinilyticus; Aeromonas sp.
Tsunami Susceptibility Area Assessment in Phuket Province Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System
Phuket, a province located in Andaman coast, was damaged from Tsunami in 2004. Since then, several Phuket coastal areas have been announced to be risky areas from Tsunami. However, data of Tsunami susceptibility areas used in local government offices was not up to date. This research aims to analyse Tsunami susceptibility areas using analytical hierarchy process and geographic information system. Five spatial data, i.e., coastal proximity, slope, landforms, wave barrier and elevation, related to Tsunami susceptibility areas were analyse. Subsequently, the obtained data were compared to the Tsunami data used in local government offices. The obtained data were then correlated to land use data, which were classified into five types, i.e., forest area, agricultural area, water area, residential area and other uses area. The results showed that areas in Phuket Province were mostly Tsunami non-susceptibility areas (280.25 km2). Low, intermediate and high Tsunami susceptibility areas were in a size of 124.40 km2, 77.20 km2 and 46.78 km2, respectively. The analysed data also revealed that all Tsunami damaged areas in 2004 were associated with high Tsunami susceptibility areas. When compared to land use data, residential area was located in high-susceptibility areas, with an area sizes 17.86 km2 (40.40% of high-susceptibility area), whereas forest, water and agricultural area covered 34.61%, 11.94% and 10.43% of the high-susceptibility area, respectivily. Nevertheless, government and related offices can use the analysed data from this research to develop planning management system and disaster prevention and mitigation system. Keyword: Geographic Information System: GIS ; Analytical Hierarchy Process: AHP ; Tsunami ; Land Use
Changes in Relative Humidity on Crispness of Dried Sheet Food Produced by Thai Community
Crispness is an important organoleptic characteristic of dried sheet food produced by the Thai community, such as sticky rice crackers, crisp rice cakes, crispy pork, and crispy fish flakes. Crispness is related to physical factors such as relative humidity, water activity, and moisture content. The objectives of this research were (1) to investigate the standard of community food products and study the structural characteristic at the microscale level of crispness and (2) to study the changes in relative humidity on the crispness. Two mechanical tests, penetration and compression, were performed on samples incubated in relative humidity values of 40%, 50%, and 60% at 30OC. It was found that the ready-to-eat dry products were divided into three groups, rice and flour products, animal products, and the other groups. These sheet-like products had rough surfaces and porous structure. Increasing relative humidity caused more water molecules to bind to the pores resulting in the higher water activity and moisture contents, but lower penetration and compression forces. The decreases of number of peaks and peak heights were clearly observed in the range of relative humidity values of 50-60%. Therefore, to maintain the crispness of some dried food products processed by the community, the specification of relative humidity value affected to water activity value and moisture content should be considered for their quality control. Keywords: crispness; Thai community food product; relative humidity; moisture content; water activity
Species Diversity and Population Structure of Opossum Shrimp and Paste Shrimps from Lower South of Thailand
Study on species diversity and population structure of Opossum shrimp and Paste shrimps from Lower south of Thailand. Samples were collected 4 times in January, March, October and December 2021, with local fishing gear (mesh size 2 mm.) and sledge net (mesh size 0.5 mm.). The results of the study revealed a total of 7 species of them arranged in 2 Orders, namely Order Decapoda and Order Mysida. Order Decapoda belonged to the Family Sergastidae. Only 1 genus of Sergestid was found, genus Acetes, with 2 species, Acetes indicus and Acetes sibogea. In Order Mysida, 6 species of mysid shrimps were found, classified in the family Mysidae in 3 subfamilies, namely, subfamily Erythroppinae (Erythrops minuta), subfamily Mysinae (Acanthomysis thailandica, Notacanthomysis hodgarti, Gangemysis assimilis, Mesopodopsis orientalis), subfamily Rhopalophthalminae (Rhopalopthalmus egregious). Five categories were found in population structure of the genus Acetes: juvenile, immature male, immature female, mature male and female, but differ in the proportion of each group, with Acetes japonicus found female immature is the most, while Acetes sibogea has the most female adult group. Keywords: species diversity; population structure; genus Acetes; southern of Thailand
Species Composition of Phytoplankton and Water Quality in the Coastal Zone of Trat Province
The study of species composition of phytoplankton and water quality in the coastal zone of Trat province. The 15 stations were surveyed and sampled in August, November 2020 and February 2021. The phytoplankton samples were collected by using a 20 µm mesh plankton net. The water quality parameter is considering by temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentration. The results of this study were found the total 144 species of phytoplankton in 77 genera and 4 classes. The changes in the phytoplankton composition were seasonal, which salinity was clearly impact. Class Bacillariophyceae is the most number of species. The highest density was Cyanophyceae, in ranged of 93,430-547,852 cellsL-1. The dominant species is Trichodesmium sp. The general water qualities were good condition in Classification of aquaculture water standard. The dissolved oxygen concentration was more than 4 mgL-1. Our results indicated that the chlorophyll -a concentration was reflected the abundance of ecosystem situation of Trat coastal is moderate level. (Mesotrophic status) Keywords : phytoplankton, water quality, the coastal zone, Trat Province
Shell Morphology, Radula, Reproductive Anatomy, and Distribution of Ganesella carinella (MÖllendorff, 1902) in Upper Part of Northeastern Thailand
This research aimed to study shell morphology, radula, reproductive anatomy, and distribution of Ganesella carinella for using as information for taxonomic classification and distribution. The results showed that shell has heliciform type with five whorls and reddish-brown interspersed with white stripes. Radula polyglossate type. Reproductive organ have elongated cylindrical penis, vas deferens is a small, narrow, and long tube. It was found that distributed in Si Chomphu District, Khon Kaen Province; Erawan and Nong Hin Districts, Loei Province and Si Bun Rueang District, Nong Bua Lamphu Province. Keywords : shell morphology ; radula ; reproductive anatomy ; distribution ; Ganesella carinella
Development of Ash Powder Processing Technique to Ash Pellets with Polyvinyl Alcohol Binder
The main purpose of the research is the development of the ash pellet processing for liquid adsorption undering the polyvinyl alcohol binder concentrations of solution percent by mass of 10.7 and 13.8, with various solution additives of 90, 180, 270, and 360 microliters per ash powder of 2 g. The ash powder mixed binder was poured into the mold and compressed for forming the ash pellet with hydronic pressure of 6.7 MPa. The ash pellets had been dried at a temperature of 110oC for 24 hr. The chemical composition of ash has appeared in the SiO2, CCaO3, C2CaO4, CaO2, and amorphous phases. The density and hardness of ash pellets were presented to reduce value while the water adsorption percentage was increased, with binder solution addition. After that, 14 days of soaking the ash pellet, it is still the shape of a pellet. The microstructure of the ash pellet was presented the densely agglomerated ash particles and porous. Therefore, the polyvinyl alcohol binder with concentrations of solution percent by mass 13.8 with a solution addition volume of more than 90 microliters was the optimum condition for mixing with ash powder to produce pellets. Keywords : rice husk ash, polyvinyl alcohol, ash pellet, adsorption
นางรังสิมา สูตรอนันต์
รังสิมา สูตรอนันต์