Development of an Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Carbaryl
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor was developed by modification of carbon paste electrode with graphene nanoplatelets and hemin for carbaryl analysis. The modified electrode was characterized for physical properties and electrochemical properties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). This research investigated optimum experimental conditions as follows: amount of grapheme nanoplatelets at 10 µg/cm2, amount of hemin at 1 µg/cm2 on sensing area, pulse potential at 0.125 V, step potential at 0.010 V, scan rate at 0.010 v/s, phosphate buffer solution pH at 6.5. The designed electrochemical sensor yielded a linear range for carbaryl from 0.50 to 10.0 µM (r2 = 0.998) with a sensitivity of 0.70 µA-µM/cm2, a detection limit and a quantification limit of 0.25 and 0.50 µM, respectively. A reproducibility of 3.8 % RSD (3 sensors) and a repeatability of 2.6 %RSD (10 measurements) were obtained. Moreover, the proposed electrochemical sensor was validated to determine carbaryl in cauliflower and spiked cauliflower samples which showed the recovery percentage ranging from 96.7 to 103.5 %. The determination of carbaryl by the proposed electrochemical sensor was satisfactory comparable to the reference technique (high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC). These results indicated that the proposed electrochemical sensor could be applied for detection of carbaryl in real samples.
Keywords : electrochemical sensor, carbaryl, graphene nanoplatelets, hemin
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