The Effect of Calcium Chloride on Alleviation of in vitro Shoot Tip Necrosis of Elsholtzia stachyodes
Abstract
Elsholtzia stachyodes is classified in the family of Lamiaceae. Its leaves are used as vegetables by hill tribe people in Thailand. This plant is interesting since it contains high content of flavonoids which possess anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, seed propagation success is limited by low viability and germination of seed. Therefore, tissue culture technique is an alternative method to reach high quantity of the plant within a short period of time. For shoot multiplication, shoot tip necrosis is a major problem for E. stachyodes. Therefore, the current research aims to study effects of calcium chloride on reducing shoot tip necrosis by culturing the 4 week-old shoots of E. stachyodes on MS medium containing 440 mg/L of calcium chloride and the modified MS media containing 880 or 1320 mg/L of calcium chloride in combination with BA at 0, 0.5, or 1 mg/L for 4 weeks. The results showed that the most appropriate medium formula was the modified MS media containing 880 mg/mL of calcium chloride in combination with 0.5 mg/L of BA. This formulation resulted in 100% shoot induction with 76.34 % of normal shoot characteristics, and the average number of shoots was 2.36 shoots/explant.
Keywords : tissue culture, Elsholtzia stachyodes, shoot tip necrosis, calcium chloride, BA
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